Geochemical prospecting relies on a variety of tools for the systematic collection and analysis of geological materials to identify anomalies that may indicate subsurface mineralization. The selection of tools often depends on the sample type and the stage of exploration (DW Energy, n.d.).
For sample collection, geologists commonly use basic hand-held tools. Shovels, picks, and hand augers are frequently employed for collecting soil and subsoil samples, often in a grid pattern (AMEC, 2023). For rock chip sampling from outcrops or exposed bedrock, geological hammers and chisels are standard equipment. In some cases, power augers, either hand-operated or vehicle-mounted, may be used for more efficient soil sampling (AMEC, 2023).
When sampling stream sediments, a gold pan can be used to concentrate heavy minerals, which are then analyzed (NPS, n.d.). Collected samples are typically placed in sample bags and meticulously labeled, often with GPS coordinates for precise location tracking (WV DEP, n.d.).
Once collected, samples are sent for laboratory analysis to determine their chemical composition (AMEC, 2023). While not field collection tools, analytical instruments are integral to geochemical prospecting. Laboratories use various techniques, such as spectrographic analysis and other chemical assays, to measure the concentration of specific elements (NPS, n.d.). These analytical results help geologists identify geochemical anomalies indicative of potential ore bodies (AMEC, 2023).
If you were prospecting in a remote area, which sampling tool would you choose first and why? Share your thoughts!
References:
AMEC. (2023). Exploration and Mining Fact Sheet: Exploration Methods. Association of Mining and Exploration Companies. Retrieved from https://amec.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/2102-AMEC-NSW-NSW-Fact-sheet-EXPLORATION-METHODS-FINAL.pdf
DW Energy Group. (n.d.). Understanding Mineral Exploration: A Comprehensive Guide. Retrieved from https://www.dwenergygroup.com/understanding-mineral-exploration/
National Park Service (NPS). (n.d.). Geology of the Golden Trout Wilderness, Inyo and Tulare Counties, California – Geochemical Exploration. Retrieved from https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/geology/publications/bul/1359/sec2a.htm
West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection (WV DEP). (n.d.). West Virginia Geology Handbook – Chapter 3: Geologic Sampling Techniques. Retrieved from https://dep.wv.gov/dmr/handbooks/Documents/Geology%20Handbook/WV%20Geology%20Chapter%203.pdf
