Mechanical rock breaking efficiency is a complex interplay of several factors. Rock properties such as strength (compressive and tensile), hardness, abrasiveness, structure, and the presence of discontinuities significantly dictate the energy required and the rate of breakage (MDPI, 2019).
For instance, harder rocks demand more powerful machinery and lead to increased tool wear (ResearchGate, 2022).
Machine parameters are equally critical. The type of machine (e.g., hydraulic breaker, TBM) and its specific characteristics like impact energy, blow rate, thrust, torque, and rotation speed directly influence the breaking force and speed (HCROT, 2025).
The design and condition of the cutting tools, including their material, shape, geometry, and wear, also affect how effectively the machine interacts with the rock (PMC, 2024).
Operational parameters, such as penetration depth, cutting patterns, and the application of static loads in certain techniques, can optimize the breaking process.
Finally, environmental conditions like confining pressure in deep mining and the presence of groundwater or drilling fluids can either hinder or aid the breaking efficiency. Understanding and optimizing these factors is crucial for efficient and cost-effective rock excavation in mining operations (AIP Publishing, 2023).
Which factor do you think has the greatest influence on mechanical rock breaking efficiency: rock properties, machine parameters, tool condition, operational practices, or environmental conditions? Share your thoughts!
References:
MDPI. (2019). Methods of Mechanical Mining of Compact-Rock—A Comparison of Efficiency and Energy Consumption. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/12/18/3562
ResearchGate. (2022). (PDF) MECHANICAL ROCK BREAKAGE MACHINES. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361029430_MECHANICAL_ROCK_BREAKAGE_MACHINES
HCROT. (2025, May 6). How Does a Rock Breaker Work? A Comprehensive Guide for the Mining Industry. https://www.hcrot.com/how-does-a-rock-breaker-work-a-comprehensive-guide-for-the-mining-industry
PMC. (2024, June 13). Numerical analyses of the influences of rock properties and joints on rock fragmentation in shaft sinking by drilling method. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11496624/
AIP Publishing. (2023, February 27). Research on influencing factors of rock breaking efficiency under ultrasonic vibration excitation. https://pubs.aip.org/aip/adv/article/13/2/025160/2877545/Research-on-influencing-factors-of-rock-breaking
