An impact crusher, also known as an impactor, is one of many different kinds of crushing equipment, along with jaw crushers, hammermills, and cone crushers, that are made to process and reduce the size of raw materials, such as asphalt and concrete, among many other things.
An impactor differs from its crusher counterparts in that it fractures rocks and stones by quickly striking the material rather than applying pressure. Impactors are used in a wide range of applications, such as aggregate crushing, asphalt crushing, concrete crushing, etc.
The rotor, which is the main tool used to break up material, defines the mechanical structure of an impact crusher. Within a substantial housing, the rotor is positioned amidst mounting plates, anvils, or aprons that act to absorb the force of the materials being processed and further fragment them.
Working Principle
- Material Entry: The material to be crushed is fed into the impact crusher through a charging hole and feeding guide plate.
- High-Speed Rotation: A rotor, equipped with hammers or blow bars, spins at high speeds. The hammers are typically made of durable materials like manganese steel.
- Impact Mechanism: As the rotor spins, the hammers strike the incoming material, propelling it against a solid impact plate or wall. This collision causes the material to break into smaller pieces.
- Recurrent Impact: The crushed material is then subjected to further impacts as it is propelled against other pieces and the walls of the crushing chamber, enhancing the crushing process.
- Output Control: The size of the crushed material can be adjusted by changing the distance between the rotor and the impact plate, as well as by varying the rotor speed and feed rate.
What are the benefits of an impact crusher?
Impact crushers are used to reduce the size of mineral materials, including natural rock, concrete, and asphalt, in order to create valuable commodity products. The material is thrown against a solid, stationary impact wall by a rapidly rotating rotor. The substance breaks into tiny pieces as a result of the impact and striking. A fairly uniform and cubic output emerges from the crusher box as a result.
What are the types of Impactors?
Impact crushers come in two primary varieties: vertical shaft impact (VSI) crushers and horizontal shaft impact (HSI) crushers.
Horizontal Shaft Impactor (HSI)
The most popular kind of impactors for recycling and primary and secondary crushing applications are horizontal shaft impactors. With this kind of impactor, small output material will be produced from bits of an acceptable size.
Vertical Shaft Impactor (VSI)
In tertiary crushing applications, such as the production of manufactured sand, vertical shaft impactors are utilised because of their ability to process material that is already small into even smaller pieces.
What are the main components?
One of the components of the crusher box is a rotor that has blow bars, or hammers. You will have three or four bars, depending on the type of rotor. The worn pieces that come into touch with the substance are replaceable cast iron hammers. They are made to resist the material’s numerous impacts. Thick wear plates protect the impact wall, also known as the apron, which is subjected to multiple crushing stages.
The large material that is being fed into the crusher box is thrown against the wall by the hammer, which then causes it to bounce between the wall, other material particles, and other hammers. The material will exit the crusher box at the bottom as soon as it is tiny enough to fit in between the rotor and the impact wall’s lowest crushing stage.
