Selecting the most appropriate mining method for a given orebody involves matching the mining method attributes to the specific characteristics of the orebody and considering economic feasibility. Let’s explore the various factors in this article.
Geological factors
Spatial characteristics of the ore deposit: the decision between surface and underground mining is heavily influenced by the ore body’s dimensions, shape, depth, and direction. While deeper or irregularly shaped deposits frequently call for underground operations, thicker and more extensive deposits might be better suited for surface mining [1], [2].
Geological and hydrological conditions: the surrounding rock conditions, the deposit’s structure, and the mineral content are all very important. The viability of specific mining techniques is impacted by elements including the hydrology of the region, the existence of faults, and fractures [1].
Geotechnical properties: The right tools and mining technique are determined by the mechanical characteristics of the ore and surrounding rock, such as strength and stress levels. For instance, under stable rock conditions, unsupported techniques might be employed, while in weaker formations, more supported techniques are required [2].
Economic factors
Cost considerations: when choosing a strategy, economic viability is frequently the main consideration. This covers the anticipated return on investment as well as capital and operating expenses. Generally, methods that result in lower costs per tonne mined or higher production rates are preferred [3].
Reserves and grade: mining profitability is directly impacted by the quantity and quality of the ore. The adoption of more costly mining techniques might be justified by deposits of higher quality [3].
Technical factors
Recovery and dilution: the efficiency of a mining method in recovering ore while minimizing the extraction of waste is critical. Methods that allow for selective mining are often preferred to maximize recovery rates.
Flexibility and mechanization: the ability of a mining method to adapt to changing conditions and the potential for mechanization can influence the choice. Methods that can be easily automated or mechanized may be more appealing due to labor cost savings.
Reference
[1] R. Pomykała and J. Adamczyk, “Geological Conditions Determining the Type of Mining Activity,” in Green Scenarios: Mining Industry Responses to Environmental Challenges of the Anthropocene Epoch, CRC Press, 2022.
[2] L. Miao, Z. Duan, Y. Xia, R. Du, T. Lv, and X. Sun, “Analysis of Factors Influencing Mining Damage Based on Engineering Detection and Machine Learning,” Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 15, p. 9622, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.3390/su14159622.
[3] “Types of Mining Methods,” Cummins Inc. Accessed: Aug. 27, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.cummins.com/engines/mining/types-of-mining
