The gas energy released during the detonation process causes the majority of rock breakage in rock blasting with charges confined ...Read more

Mponeng is the deepest level shaft in the world, with a depth of 3 891 metres below datum and 2 062 metres ...Read more

This stoping method, along with its variations of sublevel stoping, vertical crater retreat (VCR) or end slicing, is especially suitable ...Read more

In high explosives, a shock pressure spike at the reaction front travels through the explosive before the gas energy is ...Read more

  Two basic forms of energy are released when high explosives react. The first type of energv will be called shock ...Read more

  For hard rock mining, blasting is considered as the most efficient and economical method used for fragmenting rocks masses. Nonetheless, ...Read more

Minimizing the vertical fall distance of the material being transferred in turn minimizes the impact of the material on the ...Read more

Flyrock: theory and calculation The main purpose of blasting is the adequate fragmentation of the rock mass, with secondary purpose (at ...Read more