Mineral exploration is the search for, and evaluation of mineral deposits which have the POTENTIAL of becoming orebodies under expected conditions at some favorable date in the future (Lacy, n.d.).
Mineral exploration leverages a wide range of methodologies and techniques, often used in combination, to identify and evaluate potential mineral deposits. Here are some key ones (Moore, 2023a):
- Geological Mapping: It involves the detailed observation, measurement, and documentation of geological features, such as rock types, structures, and mineralization, on the Earth’s surface or inaccessible outcrops. This method utilizes satellites equipped with sensors that capture images in multiple wavelengths, including visible, infrared, and near-infrared, and light in the form of a pulsed laser to measure variable distances to the Earth (Beginner’s Guide to Geological Exploration Methods, n.d.). Geological mapping forms the basis for further geological investigations and is a cornerstone of geological understanding, providing critical insights into Earth’s dynamic processes and history (AllMinings, 2025a).
- Geophysical and Geochemical Surveys: Geophysical surveys use advanced technology to measure the physical properties of rocks and soils, and geochemical analysis involves examining the concentration of certain elements or minerals in soil or rock samples (Moore, 2023b).
- Remote sensing: Remote sensing is a non-invasive method of collecting and interpreting information about the Earth’s surface from a distance, typically using sensors on satellites, aircraft, drones, or ground-based platforms. It allows for the acquisition of valuable data about the environment, including natural features, resources, and human activities, without direct physical contact. It is a versatile and powerful tool that complements fieldwork and traditional data collection methods. (AllMinings, 2025a).
- Drilling: This is a crucial process that involves creating boreholes or wells in the Earth’s subsurface to access and gather information about geological materials, minerals, hydrocarbons, water, or other resources (AllMinings, 2025b). There are one or more drilling techniques, depending on the nature of the material to be sampled, rocks conditions and the objective of the sampling.
- Trenching and Pitting: These are surface excavation methods used to expose bedrock for detailed sampling and examination (Moore, 2023c). Trenching is used to follow up on anomalies identified by surface geochemical or geophysical surveys, providing a means to sample bedrock and confirm mineralization at depth. It’s also used in environmental and geotechnical studies to assess soil profiles and contamination levels.
Mineral exploration is a vital activity that feeds into numerous sectors of the economy. While it poses significant challenges, including high costs, safety risks, and potential environmental impacts, the industry continues to evolve and improve.
Which of these techniques do you view as the most impactful driver of exploration success? Share your perspective below.
References:
AllMinings. (2025a, January 20). Comprehensive Review of Mineral Exploration Techniques | Advancements in Technology. AllMinings. https://allminings.com/exploration-techniques/
AllMinings. (2025b, January 20). Comprehensive Review of Mineral Exploration Techniques | Advancements in Technology. AllMinings. https://allminings.com/exploration-techniques/
Beginner’s Guide to Geological Exploration Methods: Grid. (n.d.). Retrieved March 26, 2025, from https://www.workongrid.com/blog/geological-exploration-methods-guide
Lacy, D. W. (n.d.). AN INTRODUCTION TO GEOLOGY AND HARD ROCK MINING.
Moore, R. (2023a, July 20). What is Mineral Exploration: Stages, Methods, Laws & Regulations. Pheasant Energy. https://www.pheasantenergy.com/mineral-exploration/
Moore, R. (2023b, July 20). What is Mineral Exploration: Stages, Methods, Laws & Regulations. Pheasant Energy. https://www.pheasantenergy.com/mineral-exploration/
Moore, R. (2023c, July 20). What is Mineral Exploration: Stages, Methods, Laws & Regulations. Pheasant Energy. https://www.pheasantenergy.com/mineral-exploration/
