Tailings Storage Facilities (TSFs) engineered structures for mining waste require vigilant monitoring to prevent severe environmental risks (Egis Group, n.d).
Key risks include catastrophic dam failures from geotechnical or hydrological issues seepage of contaminated water leading to groundwater and surface water pollution (Lottermoser, 2010), fugitive dust emissions impacting air quality and Acid Rock Drainage (ARD) which mobilizes heavy metals (JOUAV, 2024).
Physical stability monitoring involves tracking deformation (using survey prisms, InSAR, LiDAR, drones), pore water pressures (piezometers), and seepage (weirs, thermal imaging) (Geofem, 2025).
Geochemical monitoring starts with tailings characterization (acid-base accounting, leach tests) and includes regular water quality analysis (pH, metals, cyanide) and air quality assessments (particulate matter, specific gases) (Brown & Logsdon, 2006).
Advanced technologies like automated sensor networks, IoT, AI, and digital twins enhance real-time data acquisition and predictive analytics (ICMM, n.d.). Regulatory frameworks such as the Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management and MAC TSM mandate robust monitoring and risk management (Hydro, 2024). Proactive strategies include Trigger Action Response Plans (TARPs), Emergency Response Plans (ERPs) and adaptive management (ASDSO, n.d.).
Lessons from failures like Brumadinho emphasize the criticality of these measures (Encardio Rite, n.d.).
What early warning signs should we monitor to prevent tailings dam failures? Share your thoughts!
