There are three main types of haul trucks: rear dump, bottom dump, and articulated dump trucks.
Rear dump trucks have a tray mounted directly onto the truck frame, and material is discharged by lifting the tray with a hydraulic hoist system. These trucks are highly versatile, capable of transporting various types of material. They offer good climbing ability and are easy to maneuverer, making them the most widely used haul trucks globally. A standard rear dump truck typically has two axles—two wheels on the front axle and four wheels on the rear axle, with only the rear wheels usually powered. While less common in mining operations, three-axle models are often used for on/off-highway applications.
Bottom dump trucks are known for faster dumping cycles and the ability to carry heavier payloads with the same engine power. However, this comes at the expense of manoeuvrability and ability to handle steep grades. These trucks usually feature three axles: two front tires, four drive tires on the rear of the tractor, and four additional tires on the rear of the trailer. They are typically used in strip coal mining operations where ramp gradients do not exceed 5%.
Articulated dump trucks are generally smaller and built with lighter frames, with a maximum payload capacity around 50 tonnes. They are especially suited for operations in wet or difficult terrain where road conditions are poor. However, their lighter construction typically results in a shorter service life.
