Some terminologies used in smelting.

When working in metallurgy, it is important to know the jagons used in different metallurgical processes.

In smelting, several words are usually used specific to this process.

Let’s explore some of them:

Flux: A substance added to the smelting furnace to lower the melting point of the gangue and form a slag that can be easily separated from the molten metal. Common fluxes include limestone (CaCO₃) and silica (SiO₂).
Slag: A molten waste product formed in the smelting furnace by the reaction of the flux with the gangue. It is typically composed of silicates and oxides.
Matte: A molten mixture of metal sulfides that is an intermediate product in the smelting of sulfide ores (e.g., copper, nickel).
Speiss: A molten mixture of metal arsenides, antimonides, and other semi-metallic elements that can form in the smelting of certain ores.
Roasting: A pre-treatment step for sulfide ores where they are heated in air to convert sulfides to oxides, which are often more suitable for smelting. This process releases sulfur dioxide (SO₂).
Reduction: The chemical process of removing oxygen from metal oxides to obtain the elemental metal. This is a key step in smelting oxide ores, often using a reducing agent like carbon (coke or charcoal) or carbon monoxide.
Smelter: The industrial plant where smelting is carried out, containing furnaces and other equipment.
Furnace: The high-temperature reactor where the smelting process takes place. Different types of furnaces are used, such as blast furnaces, reverberatory furnaces, and electric arc furnaces.
Tapping: The process of removing the molten metal and slag from the furnace. There are usually separate tapholes for each(Copper Processing – Ores, Refining, Smelting | Britannica, n.d.).